Process and apparatus for determining the position of an inaccessible point



E. J. A. SCHULTZ. I PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION or AN INACCESSIBLE POINT.

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m W m l W WMZ E. L'A. SCHULTZ. PROCESS AND APPARATUSFOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF AN INACCESSIBLE POINT.

APPLICATION FILED OCT 22, I918. 1,428,861.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922.

- SHEETSSHEET 2.

E. J. A. SCHULTZ.

'PROC ESS AND APPARATUS FOR D ETERMIN|NG THE POSITION OF AN INAGCESSIBLE POINT.

' 'APPLICATION FILED OCT. 22. ms.

L4 PatentedS ept.12,1922.

4 SHEETS SHEET 3.

, E. J. A. SCHULTZ.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF AN INACCESSIBLE POINT.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 22. I918.

Patented Sept. 12,1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922.

U -E' -"r STA Es;

1,428,861 PATENT'OFHCE' rnnzrosnrnhricnsrm scnnmakor PARIS, FRANCE.

l AND ss s"mslsswsmmmimnPos man or AiIINAC CESSIBLE I -i roman. a. l w

Jamewsin space, more;particularlyiaerial e o ts and the application of the process by means of an electric telemeter which allows "the position of the point tobe easily deter ined and its movements to be followed; w The arrangement devised by thea'ppli cant restson the followingconsiderations If one assumes'an imaginary triangular prism placed horizontally on the ground (or other base) on o'nepr itstaces, and twoobserving "stations in contact with the ground at the two extremities of thelb'ase o f its right section, the intersection of the two oblique faces "of theprismf determines v the geometrical position of; points at the same height from the ground. a 1 I This property is utilized by means of two stations each comprising a movableplate which is directed by sighting 'atjthe point of space of which the position is to belocated, an aeroplane for example'jthe"vis'iialfplanes thus determined. intersect the thirded e of the prism, definedfby the twomovab e plates and the ground; Theheight will he determined by the right section of of which we know the base andthe angles subtended at the basefthe ,distajnc'ejof'lone [station from 'theaeroplanewill'jb e "also determined by the right an'gledl triangle 'defined byr this station and thevertical" from "the aeroplane. I v I In practice, one of the station's would'be situated at the position of the j-batt ery {the other, the auxiliary "station, at v a] sufficient distance (one'km'. for exam 1e) .f The latter only-comprises sighting device operating an electric contact totransmit the; variations of. the two faces angle which-the plane of the movable plate passing through this lapparatus and perpendicular, to thevertical; plane containing the stations makes rwith'ifthe g un -T311 a The principal stationcom'prises in'qad dition to its sighting apparatus'two Fig, llis, an elevation oi-the main appara ms and auxiliaryapp'aratus. f Fig.1 is a diagrammatic view-in space;

, Fig, '2 ,repres'ehts the auxiliary station; Fig; "the, principal receiving station;

one inthe verticalplane ofthe two stations f Fig.4 is a plan view of thetransmitting ide viceshown in Fig. 2, togetherwith a diag'tammaticj illustration of the electrical connections.v

Eigs. 5 and ,6 show respectively, in elevation and in' plan,. the mechanism-by which the movements of the alidades S T are transmitted to the pointer or indicator, In Fig l, the two observingstations are represented at'A and B. The device for locating and following the changes 01 position'. of, for example an aeroplane is at C. The movable plate Vifof the auxiliary station corresponds to ;on e vof the lateral faces of theprism. If we assume a second movgeometric position of points at the, height h. v Iffwe consider, on the other hand, the plane determined bythe point'QB and the vertical (1H, thi-s'planeintersects the right ,section A B F of the prism on a vertical N' (or B') N and this plane can be turnedrela- ,tively to this'section by hinge N N This plane'eontains alsothe sighting device directedalong B C; this sighting device is then at the intersection'of the planesNilV H In practicefin order to obtain'directly the i distance 13 C,fthe telescope will'be fixed in the plane N H and the plane will not exist. .I'twiube 'suflicient by ajsuitabl'earn eme t e milee'aflr Pla angle able platefV] at the principal stationy'conjtaining the- 'sightingfdevice it will correspond v-to the; second lateral face ofthe prism, which will intersect the first on" the line F C, the

Which it forms -.;,With-the ground in diagram t]. N N1 v v 7 KY v The apparatus at the stations A and B are represented in Eigs.2.ande8,4, P5 andsfi. i 1

viided vvith a source of light or illuminated.

ti e lly from. the al-1n 2 '.i1 er thi herpp e, the q ennhingfl forming hee ie f iv Teifjh e e i ede thee eylir d iee m h teliehef Whi hi ee -h s he ph resee t v ,t

The sighting is effeetedyyhenthe atmosph re iedellh redee 'y h hheheinih m he he' f eir iefth ,eyep1ee 11.n l' i'e s h ehse ieh h Y'p i vei he P PhQf$ n Q r le}; h t is. Yhem nh the *v e e fhh .eeihr cide's with the axis of thealida'd eh V The only object of the auxiliary station to send to the receiving station the value ofthe corresponding two faces angleand its e et eco pris s e ba eboard T 2) of which the length is directed tofdezthe reeeihih tetieh eh en Whieh a disc pivots at right fangleS to this direch n?" .The h i' ieht .p he Peee het r h h the middle height of the station" coin'ci es with'the base of the prism definedabove, hdfihe ezeie e e Whi -t e eei e t I of th h e' D Pi t ir con equen y th e rner pff he ele d f etfe ee h inhieh itfi .179?

crank' d 'either to right or to left to quired to measure. j p n The di e'D Wh h e h'e hte t e ight ,T 'ppe ete eeke he Plee ef e m vih h1 d de 01 i peh i hery er prej e i njs e t e emen le g h e th ndepf h k e fi df'e len le'ee. th iee wh h term t pe met [e e'p y ei T e e ght ef Whie h e em nt P ovides an unlimitedfie'ld of viewfisjtaken it li f lii si the diee by lhehlle i s mo he egme 0 ne'fe hx e eiehdih te'fied'hy w ii h 'hhe e r r rh' y vmeehse Ierhend crank This hand c'r'ankis turned until th er p ane e ie de 'with tw d ame ieel y e pe ifi (.p ie e 9 the; mete When h s'T sf ht d i he eyhy ev hg h w en they lehe leffi e di e eehe eh y i the. direction of thejaerop'lane,

. Themovementsofthe disc are transmitted f I aete ie by meeting li ellovving electric devicet" I The hana'imik "03 Figs; 2 and 4L eorrtroly lin t e. nelih ti hei th e D is m in we Pe th; neIP i l d e the. hx l ff the P1 15 91 l1 eh i iee do bl c ntact 9 "i hiehiree yee curren f o e ba ry f ir m y eeel l rs th et er pe t of th The sights are efi ed h it v M .i 4 .lip'eeenii it "'66" hand "crank 1's" integralvvlth' thehandlefE n 'le 'ee en th ae e; i ch r e e s two contacts 9 g the one or othero'f' which touch'the contact 9 according to the directo two diflerent conductors H by metal -1ic rings h h secured to an insulating cyl inder andyvipers f Electric connection is established in this-manner sometimes with one heemetimee wi h the ot e eq d h ea theidireeti h h ch t h n e ehkih h i hle edf Asithis action'l conti-nuesi the moving part .4 he, iheh en hkeetuetee he mem er .9

fi fhnf he heft" 'ehdh "wh w h 1 d letin P rimete J .hey e en he sha t The J wees en int r up r 7 e cillate'and imparts a'vibrator'y movement tov thentrehsmitted ee re TW c n e s hhe &je2 tre.ei ;rren iet breaking hd et-i h e'em :time' ieehe get e lin efte e h eon? inithe same way ee'if itw r put to h Thi Yi e j ey \eur he h .to he f e lehe ien hyrehe'ler ether of the en e e fihlflli z. erereesf o we el etrema a non 9i l reteh h' g v n t h fhen leE: These le'e r, i f iv hire ve y light; in verde fj l h ine "grea lrl'ep diti' ref ementiehd Smel re nti ifiy,

Leeth te-e teethed i he l by Jef pellets '7', 7' 'p t he end hf l ve ei 570-1 e nt ined e 'i ehe t, nd ahee r'Qm the h'ere Lei the iel e rehli gnets by sp g l Thei ewe a imethrejs .r, e greate mete.-

hie i ].permeeh h y. tenleee' yeke e t :ele ur mh h h ehd hey m e re nti i y heyet -h y. .ue 'inerd o he ne er ether fih Pelle s 'ee din to 1 F1 any; h adjustable sp in 1R1 r he the Re 'thet'gth latterfe n e he'ei feete'd hele'ehted;ezetlt heeus .fe e'ee Th l ifiii ih f'thie'menh tra sm eel hi yieiment e pi i fte e" wheel O earl y ggeli m X w li h is d Ple /en e lehe i .u y eet m; 1 The sighting at the receiving station is theel dede T on t li eaiy eyepiece.

,They he joined by a .eerewed wh ehl Serve to j egu le ee h e of the ehg f h hi 150 3;) accordingto the direcfghe e have leeehitw j e mef ,i ihe .unper' ehme nres m, m w eh e le mto appr a h e' he e ved from The alidade is manipulated Nby the handle Lin the plane of'the'chart U movable about the intersection N'N' For: this purpose it is connected by, a hinge Z to a disc 9 which is keyedat its centre to a second disc 9 pi-voting on a diameter Z perpendicular to the plane of the ch 'art-M N M N (see Figs.

'3, 5 and 6).

The inclination of the disc Q to'the' horizontal plane passing through 'M N shows the value of the plane angle ofthe'tw'o :faces angle'the corner of whichffis passing through the'point'N a As explained above, the first'phase of the operation consists in determining the height of the observed moving object." For this phase the chart is graduatedhorizontallyto a convenient scale. The base N M. of the ;chart being turned towards the" auxiliary station, the pointer OP gives theplane angle of the two faces angle at the "auxiliary station.

To determine that of'the principal station 7 the angle of the disk g i's transferredby the parallelogram N 0 p 7 to the point-'0" of the chart of heights. Byt'he'sides of 0 p VO 1) and O 0 a reduction of 1"to'10,'000 of the right section of theprism is obtained.

' The intersection of the "two pointers onthe chart shows the height of the aeroplane. To

obtain its distance, the second phaseof the operation, it is sufficient to I transfer the height p on to the second chart as far as'its hind the chart M N and of which the small sides form with those of the former angles of 90 facilitates the bearings of the pointer when they approach the horizontal.

Since the visibility of the aeroplanes does not exceed 6 km. the scale of l to 10,000 has been used for the chart that is, for a distance of 6 km. a chart having a length of 60 cm. and for height of 3 km. above the ground a chart of 30 cm. in height. In this proportion a base of 1 km. represented by the distance between the two stations determines an angle at the vertex sufliciently large to determine the height of this point with great precision.

At the receiving station where the right section of the prism is reproduced, a pointer of another colour having its centre at the middle of this base moves parallel to one of the end needles; the object of this third needle. is to reduce the results by one half and thus to extend the range of the chart. The range of observation of the apparatus can then attain practically the highest degree of visibility.

Having thus'described the nature of the said invention and the best means I know of carrying the same intopractical effect, I claim 1. A process for determining the altitude and distance away 'ofan object, comprising establishing "two observation stationsat a known distance apart, one of which isan auxiliary station and the other of which is aprincipal station, determining at each of said stations the angle which the horizontal plane makes with the planes passing through the stations and the object,perpendicularly to the vertical plane passing through the "two stations, transmitting to the principal station the anglemeasured at the auxiliary station, anddetermining from said data the altitude, and distance from the principal station,- of said object. a I 2. Means for determining the altitude and "distance away'ofan object,'compris'ing two observation stations aknown distance apart,

and sightingmeans at one station coinprising a: sighting disk pivoted on an axis perpendicular to a straight line ]o1n1ng said stations, and means for measuring the-angle made by said disk with the horizontal plane.

- 3; -Means for determining the altitude and distance away of an object comprising two observation stations a known distanceapart, and sighting means at one station compr1sing a sighting disk pivoted on an axis perpendicular to a straight line joining said stations, and means for measuring the angle made by said disk with the horizontal plane, 7

said disk having projections on itsface, and a wire around the margin of said disk carried by said projections, by means of which the ease and accuracy of the sighting is facilitated.

4. Means for determining the altitude and distance away of an object, comprising two observation stations a known distance apart, means at each station including a sighting device for determining the angle which the horizontal plane makes with the planes passing through the stations and the object perpendicularly to the vertical plane passing'through the two stations, an altitude chart, and indicators actuated by the sighting means for indicating in conjunction with said chart the aforesaid angles determined at said stations.

5. Means for determining the altitude and distance away of an object, comprising two observation stations a known distance apart, means at each station including a sighting device for determining the angle which the horizontal plane makes with the planes passing through the stations and the object,v perpendicularly to the vertical plane passing through they two stations, :an altitude. chart,

and indicators actuated. by the. sighting means for indicating in conjunction with said chart the aforesaid angles determined-at said stations, said chart being locatedat one observation station, and an electrical means "between .said stations for actuating one of said indicators.

6., Means according to claim -fi, further characterized by including a vertically hinged distance chart and 'by oneofthe sighting devices comprising an alidade articulated around a fixed point on three-axes, two of said axes being perpendicular, -.one to the other, and the third maintained in the plane-of said distance chart, said distance chart, remaining-constantly in the vertidisk, said last-named disk being .pivoted on an'az'ris perpendicular to the distance ohart. 8. Means vaccording to. claim 6 further characterized by one of 1said,..indieato;rs. :befing constituted by jointed.a InS i the 4 0 of .a .arallelogram.

characterized by said chart being provided with horizontal lines numbered to designate heights, said indicators :being adapted :to

inseam cross, and said chart showing" by the. horizontal linev atthepointof intersection ofsaid ..indicators,,,t;he altitlrdeotthe ,ohjectgsighted.

M ac or i c ai 6 fu he cha acter zed by saidi hart being provided with ihOIiZQIltEtl linesnunihered to designate heights, said indicators. in. conjunction with said numbered lines showing the s-altltu'de of an .ohjectsigh-ted said means. .fn-rther zoomp.risi ng a. verticall hin ed chart having curves thereon pro ci ige' [from said horizontal lines, one. of said sighting devices'being arranged to movealongsideof said last named chart. and to. indicate, .at its point of intersection with the. .,cnrve prolonged from the horizontal lineon the-firstnarned g v ng the. ascertained altitude, the distance away of said sighted object.

11.- Means for determining the. .raltitudev ,anddistance away .of; an oh'echcompridpg two observation stations nown distance apart, means at each statlon lncludlng a -.sig ht ing device .for determining the angle which thehqrizontal plane makes with. th

'.p1ane s.;p assing through the. stations and. the object,perpendieularly to the vertical ,plane passing through the two.stations.,-oneof said station Maega -alt u cha nda d tance chart :hingedly connectedtogether, and

indicators, actuated the sighting means for .indicatin .in conjunction with said -.charts-.. the altitude distance of the ob- .i m the ai -station- ;9; eans --.acc.c'rding to claim further {,smu: grosnm wens-rm scuurrz. 

